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Exam: Wednesday 23rd May 2012 - 1.00pm to 3.30pm
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Week |
date |
Chapter |
Content |
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Unit 1- Cell Biology |
1 |
23/1 |
1,2 |
Cell variety in relation to function
Absorption and secretion of materials Unicellular organisms/ multicellular organisms Cell wall, cell membrane Diffusion, osmosis, active transport, exocytosis, endocytosis |
2 |
|
3,4 |
Biochemistry of respiration, ATP , mitochondrion Measuring rate of respiration |
3 |
30/1 |
5,6 |
Photosynthetic pigments Absorption spectrum, action spectrum, chloroplast structure Biochemistry of photosynthesis, limiting factors |
4 |
6/2 |
7,8 |
Structure of DNA RNA and protein synthesis, transcription, translation, Golgi body, rough ER |
5 |
13/2 |
9,10 |
Types of proteins, globular, fibrous, conjugated Functions, examples Structure and replication of viruses |
6 |
20/2 |
11 |
Defence mechanisms, phagocytosis, antibodies, lymphocytes, immune system, active, passive. Plant defences-toxins, phytoalexins etc |
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Unit 2 Genetics and adaptation. |
7 |
27/2 |
12 |
Meiosis reduction division haploid/diploid cells. Process/ significance of meiosis. Crossing over, linked genes. |
8 |
5/3 |
13,14 |
Monohybrid cross, genotype, phenotype, allele, incomplete dominance. Dihybrid cross 9:3:3:1 ratio, fruit flies, linked genes |
9 |
12/3 |
15,16 |
Sex linked genes, examples Mutations, non-disjunction, examples Karyotypes, ployploidy |
10 |
19/3 |
17,18 |
Natural selection, Darwin , evolution, superbugs. Species, speciation, barriers, continental drift |
11 |
26/3 |
19,20 |
Adaptive radiation Darwin 's finches, divergent/convergent evolution, homologous structures Extinction and conservation Genetic diversity |
12 |
2/4 |
21,22 |
Artificial selection cattle and dogs Genetic engineering, somatic fusion Gene probes, gene mapping Water balance in freshwater and marine bony fish Water conservation desert mammal |
13 |
9/4 |
23,24 |
Transpiration stream, potometer, atmometer. Xerophytes, hydrophytes Obtaining food animals foraging strategies and economics Competition, dominance hierarchy, coop hunting |
14 |
16/4 |
25,26 |
Obtaining food plants competition, effect of grazing, sun and shade plants, compensation point Coping with dangers learning, habituation, intelligence, defence in animals and plants. |
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Unit 3 Control and Regulation |
15 |
23/4 |
27,28 |
Plant growth, meristems, differentiation, annual rings. Regeneration in plants and animals. Growth patterns/curves plants, insects, humans |
16 |
30/4 |
29,30 |
Genetic control Jacob and Monod operon theory Metabolic diseases PKU, albinism Genetic control of differentiation blood cells and plant cells Hormonal control of growth growth hormone, TSH Plant growth substances IAA, giberellic acid Effects and uses of these substances. |
17 |
7/5 |
31,32 |
Effects of chemicals on plant growth, water culture experiments, nitrate effects. Effects of lead on enzymes, iron/calcium/vitamin D in animals. Effects of drugs on foetus thalidomide, alcohol, nicotine. Effect of light on plant growth phototropism/photoperiodism Effect of light on breeding in animals Migration and hibernation |
18 |
14/5 |
33,34 |
Physiological homeostasis, negative feedback, Osmoregulation, ADH, blood sugar level, temperature control Regulation of populations, population dynamics, density dependent/independent factors |
19 |
|
35,36 |
Monitoring populations, food, pests, indicator species, endangered species, poisoned food chain Succession in plant communities |
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Exam: Wednesday 23rd May 2012 - 9.00am to 11.00am
Week Commencing:-
January 16 - Own revision
January 23 - Own revision
UNIT 1 - LIVING CELLSJanuary 30 - Structure and function of cells Ch 1
• Plant and animal cell structure and function
• Aerobic respiration
• Anaerobic respiration/fermentation
• Baking / brewing/alternative fuels
• Antibiotics/antibiotic resistance
• Yoghurt and lactic acid production
February 06 - Diffusion and osmosis Ch 2
• Diffusion and its importance to organisms
• Role of the cell membrane
• Osmosis and how it works
• Hyper-/hypo-/ iso-tonic solutions
• Effect of solutions on plant and animal cells
February 13 - Enzyme action Ch 3
• Catalysts and their properties
• Enzymes as catalysts
• Specificity of enzymes
• Enzyme/substrate/end product, learn examples• Synthesising and degrading enzymes, names and action
• The effect of temperature and pH on enzyme action
February 20 - Respiration Ch 4
• Energy and foods/energy requirements
• Definition and equation for aerobic respiration
• Structure and role of ATP
• Stages of respiration
• Glycolysis /pathways and ATP production
• Aerobic stage and ATP production
• Anaerobic respiration in animals and plants
February 27 - Photosynthesis Ch 5
• Raw materials of photosynthesis (PS)
• Summary equation
• X section through a leaf
• Experiments that show the need for light/carbon dioxide and chlorophyll
• Chemistry of PS/ photolysis and carbon fixation
• What happens to the glucose made in PS
• Limiting factors in PS, be able to name them
• Early crops in horticulture
UNIT 2 - ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY AND GENETICS
March 05 - Energy flow Ch 6
- Populations/species/community/habitat/ecosystem
• Producers and consumers
• Food webs and chains/ energy loss
• Pyramid of number/biomass/energy
March 12 - Variety of species in an ecosystem Ch 7
• Biodiversity
• Habitat/ niche/ adaptation/distribution
• Stable ecosystems/effects of grazing
• Effects of pollution of an ecosystem
• Effects of human activity on the environment
• Disruption of food webs
• Importance of biodiversity
• Behavioural adaptations in animal/ experiments
- Competition
March 19 - Factors affecting variety in a species Ch 8
• Sex organs, gametes and fertilisation in animals
• Sex organs , gametes and fertilisation in flowering plants
• Chromosomes and DNA / organic bases/3 base code
• The sequence of DNA into a proteins
• Mitosis (normal cells) and meiosis (sex cells)
• Sex chromosomes and sex determination
March 26 - Genotype and phenotype Ch 9
• Dominant/recessive /alleles
• True breeding/ homozygous
• Heterozygous
• Genotype and phenotype
• How to lay out a monohybrid cross
• Parents /gametes/Punnett square etc
• Co- dominance and blood groups
• The effect of the environment on phenotype
• Acquired characteristics
• Natural selection and evolution
• Natural selection in the Peppered moth, (comes up all the time)
April 02 - Applied genetics Ch 10
• Selective breeding in animals and plants
• Genetic engineering
• Selective breeding versus genetic engineering
• Applications of genetic engineering
• Arguments for and against genetic engineering
UNIT 3 - ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY
April 09 - Mammalian Nutrition Ch 11
• Chemical structures of carbohydrate, fats , proteins, vitamins and minerals
• Need for digestion
• Organs of the digestive system
• Peristalsis
• Absorption in the small intestine
• Structure and function of villi
• Large intestine
April 16 - Control of the internal environment Ch 12
• Osmoregulation / excretion
• Structure of kidney/ nephron
• Filtration/reabsorption
• Water balance in freshwater/saltwater fish
• Negative feedback and ADH production
• Be able to complete ADH feedback diagram
April 23 - Circulation and gas exchange Ch 13
• Structure and function of the heart
• Valves
• Coronary system and heart disease
• Structure and function of blood vessels
• Arteries/capillaries/ veins
• Circulation through body
• Respiratory organs
• Air sacs and gas exchange
• Design features of air sacs for gas exchange
April 30 - SQA EXAMS START. CHECK WHEN EXAM LEAVE STARTS. STICK TO NORMAL ROUTINE DURING LEAVE.
Blood Ch 14
• Composition of blood
• Haemoglobin and red blood cells
• Oxygen dissociation curves
• White blood cells and immunity
• Phagocytosis
• Immune response to infection
• Antibodies and their production
• Vaccination
May 07 - Brain and Nervous System Ch 15
• Brain structure names and functions
• Sensory areas
• Organisation of the nervous system
• Neurones
• Reflex arcs and reflex actions
• Temperature control heating and cooling
• Role of sweating/hairs / blood flow/ muscles
• Negative feedback systems and temperature
May 14 - OWN REVISION (including the weekend but also get some free time)
May 20 - Some revision during the day
- Do not study too late in the evening
- Bath/relaxation/ go out
• Good nights sleep
May 21 - Up for school
• Eat breakfast!!! (need energy for brain to work)
• Some fresh air before exam (walk to school?)
• Bring water to drink
• Go to loo
• Eat a snack between papers (more energy for brain)
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Exam: Wednesday 23rd May 2012 - 9.00am to 10.30am
Week Commencing:-
UNIT 1 HEALTH TECHNOLOGY
February 20 - Health and technology• The health triangle
• Why physiological (body) measurements are useful
• Examples of high tech and low tech instruments
• What each instrument is used to measure and the units
• Advantages and disadvantages of high and low tech instruments
February 27 - Healthy heart
• Arteries, veins and capillaries
• The heart
• How to measure the pulse and work out a pulse rate in bpm
• Resting pulse and what it means for health
• The effects of exercise on pulse and the recovery time
• How to measure blood pressure
• Normal, high and low blood pressure readings
• What these readings mean for health
• Blood tests to give information about diseases and medical conditions
March 05 - Healthy lungs
• The structure of the lungs
• Differences between inhaled (in) and exhaled (out) air
• How to work out a breathing rate
• The effects of exercise on breathing rate
• Vital capacity/ tidal volume/peak flow rate
• What these readings mean for health
• The effects of smoking on the lungs
• Smoking and pregnancy
March 12 - Healthy body
• Meaning of balanced diet
• Name main food groups, give uses and examples
• Energy requirements of different groups of people
• The relationship between energy from food and weight
• How to measure body fat using a skin fold calliper
March 19 - Height and weight charts
• Health problems being over/under weight
• Body temperature and health/Using different thermometers
• Exercise and muscles/muscle fatigue/Reaction times
• Health risks with alcohol
UNIT 2 GROWING PLANTS
March 26 - Growing plants from seed• Seed structure
• Tests for protein, sugar and starch in seeds
• Conditions for germination
• Life cycle of a plant
• Dormancy
• Photosynthesis
• How to sow seeds large/small
• Pelleted seeds and chitting
April 02 - Vegetative propagation
• What vegetative propagation means
• Natural methods such as bulbs/tubers
• Attached offspring such as plantlets/offsets/runners
• Give examples of these attached offspring
• Artificial methods of propagation (making new plants)
• Leaf/stem/layering types of cuttings
• Give examples of plants for each method
• Using rooting powders and propagators
April 09 - Plant production
• Types of composts and what each ingredient is needed for
• Advantages and disadvantages of each type of compost
• N:P:K nutrients, why plants need each nutrient and ratios
• Types of fertilisers and how they are applied to the plant
• Methods of watering plants, automatic/capillary matting etc
• Methods of controlling temperature/ humidity/ventilation
• Looking after plants flowering/foliage/
• Pricking out/ potting on
• Controlling pests like greenfly(aphids)and diseases ( grey mould)
• Methods of protection glass/plastic , poly tunnels, floating fleece
UNIT 3 BIOTECHNOLOGY
April 16 - Dairy Industries
• What is in milk/types of milk -
• Pasteurisation/ UHT processes (times and temperatures)
• Resazurin test for milk quality
• How to make yoghurt
• Sterile (aseptic) conditions (flame and loop)
• How to make cheese, curds and whey
• How to test for starch, protein and sugars in food
• Types of rennet advantages/disadvantages
• How to dispose of waste safely to protect the environment
• Upgrading waste to something useful
April 23 - Yeast based Industries
• What yeast is
• Use of yeast in bread making
• Use of yeast in beer making
• Top and bottom fermenting yeast
• How beer is matured, cask and brewery conditioned beers
• Fermented milk drinks
• Enzyme and yeast immobilisation (jelly beads)
• Food flavouring and colouring (human and salmon)
• Getting rid of waste safely
• Upgrading waste (turning it into something useful)
April 30 - SQA EXAMS START. STICK TO NORMAL ROUTINE DURING EXAM LEAVE. CHECK WHEN LEAVE STARTS.
Detergent Industries
• What enzymes do/different types of enzymes
• Ordinary and biological detergents
• How allergies to bio-detergents are prevented
• Advantages of bio-detergents
• Effects of using too much fuel on the environment
• How to prevent these bad effects
• Effects of using detergents on wildlife
• Effects of phosphates on water and sewage treatment
May 07 - Pharmaceutical Industries
• Discovery of penicillin
• Antibiotics and how they work
• How antibiotic multidiscs work
- Anti fungal treatments
• Genetic engineering to make better drugs
- Computer controlled technology
- Anti biotic resistance
- Over- use of antibiotics and how to solve the problem
May 14 -OWN REVISION (including the weekend but also get some free time)
May 20 - Some revision during the day- Do not study too late in the evening
- Bath/relaxation/ go out
• Good nights sleep
May 21 - Up for school
• Eat breakfast!!! (need energy for brain to work)
• Some fresh air before exam (walk to school?)
• Bring water to drink
• Go to loo
Useful Links
| BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT STAFF |
 Mrs Ogg - PT Biology |
 Mrs Hogg - Biology |
 Mr Maider- retired June 09 |
 Miss Christie - Biology 2007-2008 |
 Mrs James - Biology 2006-2007 |
 Mrs Walton - Biology 2006-2007 |
| THE WAY WE WERE... IN 2003 |
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